Munyika yetekinoroji inoenderera mberi ichienda kune dzimwe mhinduro dzine simba uye dzakaoma kunzwisisa, chikumbiro chakasiyana chakabata kufarira kwehardware uye yemahara software vanofarira. Ikombuta diki inogona kumhanyisa kugovera kweLinux uchishandisa matatu chete 8-pini yakavharidzirwa machipisi anonzi 8pinLinux.
Iyi purojekiti, yakagadziridzwa nainjiniya Dimity Grinberg, yawana zvaiita sezvisingagoneki: kumhanya yakazara sisitimu yekushandisa seLinux pabhodhi rinokwana zviri nyore muchanza cheruoko. Chinhu chinonyanya kushamisa pane zvese ndechekuti inowana izvi pasina kutendeukira kune yakajairwa mapuratifomu seRaspberry Pi kana Arduino, asi nekuvimba neiyo diki uye yakanyanya kurongeka kurongeka.
Chii chaizvo chinonzi 8pinLinux?
Iyo purojekiti 8pinLinux Yakazvarwa sechiratidzo chehunyanzvi chekuti kusvika papi kugona mukombuta kunogona kuenda kana ikatorwa zvakanyanya. Panzvimbo pekubheja pakucheka-kumucheto processors kana yekupedzisira-yekukurumidza ndangariro, maitiro aGrinberg anga ari kukwidziridza kuita nemabhenefiti mashoma Uye saka iwe unogona kuona kuti pfungwa iyi ine hukama sei nemamwe madiki maPC pamusika.
Iyi microcomputer yakavakirwa pane a Yakadhindwa Circuit Board (PCB) yakanyatsogadzirirwa kuisa matatu chete machipisi, ese ari mu8-pini SOIC (Small Outline Integrated Circuit) kurongedza. Izvi zvinhu, kunyangwe zvisingakwanisi kuita, zvinokwanisa kushanda pamwechete kuti zvipe base inoshanda yeLinux.
Zvikamu zvinoita kuti izvi zvigoneke
Iwo matatu machipisi akashandisa chivharo mabasa anokosha mukati chero kombiyuta system, kunyange munyaya iyi vanoita izvi pasi pemusimboti we resource maximization munzvimbo diki, nechinangwa chekuratidza kuti Linux inogona kumhanya isina yakajairwa hardware.
- STM32G0 ine ARM Cortex-M0+ dhizaini: Iyi microcontroller inoshanda seyakanyanya processor yehurongwa. Kunyangwe iri chip chishoma chichienzaniswa neCPUs dzazvino, inopa zvakakwana kumhanyisa mabasa ekutanga nekuda kweiyo yakapfava ARM dhizaini.
- 8 MB PSRAM ndangariro: Iyi ndangariro inoita sehurongwa RAM. Icho chinhu chakakosha mune chero sisitimu yekushandisa uye, kunyangwe huwandu hwayo hwakaderera zvakanyanya neazvino zviyero, inobvumira Linux kuti imhanye nezvimwe zvipimo.
- USB chip PL2303GL: Iyo ine basa rekupa zvese zvekubatanidza uye simba. Inopa kuburitsa kwakadzorwa kwe3.3V ine ikozvino ye100mA, iyo inodarika yakakwana kune yakadaro irimo system.
Pamusoro pezvinhu izvi zvitatu zvakakosha, iyo mini bhodhi inosanganisira a microSD kadhi slots, iyo inoshanda seimwe gadziriro yekuchengetedza. Iyo inochengeta sisitimu yekushandisa (Debian, mune iyi kesi) pamwe nedata renguva pfupi. Kunyangwe kumhanya kwekuverenga nekunyora kusiri kwakanyanya, sisitimu ichiri kusimuka uye inoshanda, inova budiriro yakakosha. Izvi zvinonakidza kana uchienzanisa 8pinLinux nedzimwe diki PC sarudzo.
Iwo mashiripiti ari kumashure kwekuita: MIPS emulation uye yakanyanyisa 8pinLinux optimization
Chinhu chinonyanya kufadza nezve purojekiti haisi iyo miniaturization chete, asi kuti yakaitwa sei. iyo Linux inoshanda munzvimbo isina kukwana. Kuti aite izvi, Grinberg akashandisa a MIPS yezvivakwa emulator, chishandiso chinokutendera kuti ushandure uye uite mirairo yakagadzirirwa iyo chikuva pane chip's ARM processor.
Kutenda kune iyi emulation, zvinokwanisika kutanga shanduro ye Debian, iyo kunyange ichinetseka nematambudziko ekumhanya (kutanga kunonyanya kunonoka uye iyo interface iri yakakosha), inoshanda zvizere. Izvi zvinoratidza, zvakare, kuchinjika kwakanyanya kweLinux kernel, inokwanisa kumhanya pane chero chero hardware kana zvigadziriso zvinodiwa zvakaitwa.
Kubatanidzwa kwemabhazi akagovaniswa: dambudziko rehunyanzvi
Imwe yematambudziko makuru panguva yebudiriro yaive iyo kugovera data mabhasi pakati pekadhi reSD uye USB yekubatanidza system. Zvose zviri zviviri zvinoda SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) kutaurirana, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa.
Kugadzirisa kusawirirana uku, Grinberg akaita a specialized SPI traffic filter iyo inobvumira kupatsanura yakakwirira uye yakaderera frequency masaini. Iyi nzira, isina kujairika murudzi urwu rwegungano, yakabvumira zvese zviri zviviri kushanda panguva imwe chete pasina kukanganisa kugadzikana kwehurongwa.
Kuenzanisa nemamwe mamicrocomputer ane 8pinLinux
Kuisa ukuru hweiyi purojekiti mumamiriro ezvinhu, zvingave zvinobatsira kuienzanisa nezvimwe zvinozivikanwa zvishandiso seRaspberry Pi. Iyo yekupedzisira inoyera nezve 85mm x 56mm, nepo PCB ye 8pinLinux Iyo inenge 30 mm x 30 mm, kureva kuti, inenge 20 nguva idiki. Musiyano muhukuru unoita kuti ive chishandiso chinonakidza kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe madiki maPC.
Uye kunyangwe iwo maficha asina kana kuenzaniswa kure, kukosha kwe8pinLinux kuri mukugona kwayo kushanda se nzvimbo yekuedza yetsvakiridzo yeramangwana munzvimbo dzakadai seyakaiswa masisitimu, IoT kana dzidzo yetekinoroji. Sarudzo yakanakisa kune avo vatsva kuprogramming uye komputa.
Iine maapplication anoshanda here kana kuti kungoyedza?
Iyi microcomputer haina kuitirwa kutsiva echinyakare maPC kana maSBC (Single Board Makomputa) seRaspberry Pi kana Banana Pi. Iyo yakawanda yehumbowo hwepfungwa inoratidza mikana yemahara software kana ikashandiswa nehunyanzvi uye ruzivo rwehunyanzvi. Iyi nzira yekuvandudza inogona kuenzaniswa nemimwe michina, senge Acer Revo One.
Kukosha kuri mukati ratidza kuti zvinogoneka kudzikisa Hardware pasina kupira basa rekutanga. Aya maficha anoita kuti ive mumiriri wezvishandiso uko mutengo, saizi uye mashandisiro emagetsi zvakakosha, senge:
- Zvishandiso zvinodhura zvedzidzo yetekinoroji.
- Yakanyanya chaiyo maindasitiri otomatiki mapurojekiti.
- Akamisikidzwa masisitimu mumunda weIoT.
- Kuedza marabhoritari evadzidzi vemagetsi engineering kana sainzi yekombuta.
Linux sechiratidzo chekuchinjika uye kusimba
Iyo Linux kernel yakaratidza, zvakare, yayo kuita zvakasiyana-siyana kusingaenzaniswi. Inokwanisa kumhanyisa zvese kubva kune akakwira-powered bhizinesi maseva kune iyi diki-chip chip mudziyo, yakazvisimbisa seimwe yeanochinjika anoshanda masisitimu munhoroondo. Kune avo vari kutsvaga dzimwe nzira munyika yemahara software, iyi isarudzo inonakidza.
Aya marudzi emapurojekiti anosimbisa kukosha kwavo kwete nekuda kwekuita kwavo chete, asiwo nekuda kwekuita kwavo inogoneka, inosvikika uye inodzidzisa maitiro. Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo tsvina yemagetsi iri kuwedzera uye zvishandiso zviri kukurumidza kusashanda, zvirongwa zvakaita se8pinLinux zviri kugadzira nzira yekuziva uye inoshanda komputa.
Kuedza kunotungamirwa naGrinberg kunoratidza kuti hunyanzvi hahudi nguva dzose bhajeti rakakura kana tekinoroji yekucheka. Pane zvinopesana, hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi uye kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwe Software inogona kuwana zvinokanganisa zvechokwadi.
Kubva pakukura kwayo kwakaderera, iyi mini-kombuta inojekesa kuti remangwana rekombuta rinogonawo kuve rakabatana, rinoshanda, uye, pamusoro pezvose, rinokwanisika. Goverana ruzivo kuti vamwe vashandisi vazive nezve iyi 8pinLinux microcomputer.