Chii chinonzi NTFS mvumo uye maitiro ekuzvibata nemazvo muWindows?

Mukutonga kwezuva nezuva kweWindows masisitimu, chimwe chezvakanyanya kukosha kudzora kuwana mafaera nemaforodha. Kana wakambozvibvunza kuti sei dzimwe nguva usingakwanise kudzima folda, kushandura faira, kana kunyange kuwana ruzivo rwako pachako, unogona kunge uri kunetseka kuti sei. NTFS mvumo iva nemhinduro. Kunzwisisa mashandiro avanoita uye mabatirwo avanoitwa hakungobatsiri chete, asi kwakakosha kana iwe uchida kuchengetedza system yako yakachengeteka uye yakatsvinda.

Muchinyorwa chino, ndiri kuenda kukutsanangurirai kamwe uye kwenguva dzose. Chii chinonzi NTFS mvumo?, izvo zvavanoshandiswa, kuti vakagarwa sei, uye kuti ungazvibata sei nemazvo kuti udzivise matambudziko ekare ekuwana uye, panguva imwe chete, chengetedza data rako kubva pakuona kwemeso. Kana iwe uine sevha kana komputa yako pachako uye uchikoshesa kuvanzika kwako uye kwevashandisi vako, usarasikirwa!

Chii chinonzi NTFS uye nei ichizivikanwa zvakadaro?

NTFS zvinoreva Nyowani Technology File System. Ndiyo yakakurudzirwa uye inonyanya kushandiswa faira system muWindows anoshanda masisitimu kubva kuma90s, ese ari mudesktop uye server shanduro. Nei yakararama kwenguva yakareba kudaro? Nekuti idanho repamberi, rakachengeteka, uye rinochinjika. Iyo inokutendera kuti utore mavhoriyamu makuru e data, inopa kuvimbika (nerogi yayo yekutengeserana kana kunyora), kuzviporesa kubva mukukanganisa, tsigiro yemazita marefu uye nzira, chizvarwa che quotas pamushandisi, uye, pamusoro pezvose, ine simba manejimendi chirongwa. granular kuchengetedza uye mvumo.

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NTFS inowanikwa mushanduro dzese dzazvino dzeWindows: Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows Server 2022, 2019, 2016, uye masisitimu ekutanga kubvira Windows NT 3.1. Zvimiro zvaro zvakashanduka, asi mvumo manejimendi yagara iri imwe yembiru dzayo. Kubudirira kweNTFS kunokonzerwa nenyaya yekuti inopa kutonga kwakazara pamusoro pekuti ndiani anogona kuwana, kushandura, kuita, kana kudzima chero faira kana dhairekitori, zvese zvine hutongi uye zvinogoneka nyore.

Chii chaizvo NTFS mvumo?

Mune imwe neimwe faira kana folda inotungamirwa neNTFS, pane yakabatana access control list (ACL, Access Control List). Rondedzero iyi inoratidza kuti ndevapi vashandisi kana mapoka anogona kuita chii nechishandiso. Kune marudzi maviri makuru e ACLs:

• DACL (Discretionary ACL): Sarudza kuti ndezvipi zviito zvinotenderwa kana kurambidzwa.
• SACL (System ACL): Inoona kuti ndezvipi zviito zvinofanirwa kuongororwa kana kunyoreswa kuti zvionekwe kuchengetedza.

ari NTFS mvumo Iwo anogona kupihwa padanho refaira kana folda uye anogona kupihwa kune mumwe nemumwe vashandisi kana mapoka. Uyezve, iyo NTFS mvumo yekumisikidza inowedzera: kana mushandisi ari wemapoka akawanda, mvumo yavo inowedzerwa pamwe chete, kunze kwekunge yarambwa zvakajeka, iyo inogara iripo.

Yakajairika NTFS Mvumo Mhando

Muiyo NTFS system, kune zvibvumirano zvakajairwa, zvinova zvivharo zvekuvaka zvekutsanangura kuwana. Izvi ndezvi:

• Kutonga kwese: Mushandisi anogona kuita chero chiito, kubva pakuverenga kusvika pakuchinja mvumo, kudzima kana kuwedzera mafaera nemaforodha.
• Shandura: Inokutendera kuti uchinje zviri mukati mafaera nemaforodha, pamwe nekudzima.
• Kuverenga uye kuuraya: Inopa kugona kuverenga uye kuita mafaera, kusanganisira zvirongwa.
• Nyora zviri mukati mefolda: Inokutendera kuti utarise mafaera uye maforodha madiki mufolda (yemaforodha chete).
• Kuverenga: Inopa mukana wekuona zviri mukati mafaera nemaforodha, kusanganisira hunhu uye mvumo.
• Kunyora: Inokutendera kuti ugadzire mafaera/maforodha uye gadzirisa aripo.

Mukuwedzera, kune mvumo dzakakosha iyo inogona kupihwa kupa kana kuramba zviito chaizvo. Izvi zvinowanzo shandiswa kana kudzora kwakadzama kwakawanda kuchidikanwa.

Mvumo Yakakosha yeNTFS uye Zvavanoreva

Kune avo vanoda kunyatsojeka, NTFS inobvumira kushandiswa kwemvumo dzakakosha. Heano akanyanya kukosha uye izvo zvavanobvumira:

• Bhurawuza folda / Mhanya faira: Pinda maforodha kana mhanyisa chirongwa, zvichiteerana.
• Rondedzera folda / Verenga data: Tarisa mafaera mukati mefolda kana kuverenga zviri mukati mefaira.
• Kuverenga hunhu uye akawedzera hunhu: Wona rumwe ruzivo nezve mafaera nemaforodha.
• Gadzira mafaera / Nyora data: Wedzera mafaera kana gadzirisa iripo data.
• Gadzira maforodha / Wedzera data: Gadzira maforodha matsva kana kuwedzera data kumagumo efaira.
• Kunyora hunhu uye hunhu hwakawedzerwa: Shandura rumwe ruzivo nezve mafaera nemaforodha.
• Dzima maforodha madiki uye mafaera: Bvisa zvese zviri mukati mefolda, kunyangwe iwe usina mvumo yekuidzima wega.
• Bvisa: Bvisa imwe faira kana folda.
• Ona mvumo: Verenga zvibvumirano zvakagadziriswa.
• Chinja mvumo: Shandura mvumo iripo.
• Tora muridzi: Zvipe iwe semuridzi wekugadzirisa mvumo.
• Sync: Inobvumira kumirira uye kurongeka pakati pemaitiro.

Mvumo iyi inosanganiswa zvinoenderana nezvaunoda kubvumidza kana kurambidza. Semuenzaniso, mune yakagovaniswa folda yezvinyorwa, unogona kubvumira munhu wese kuona mafaera, asi vamwe vashandisi chete ndivo vanogona kushandura kana kudzima.

Mvumo Dzakajeka uye Mvumo Yekugara Nhaka: Nhaka muNTFS

Imwe yeakakosha pfungwa muNTFS ndeye nhaka yemvumoPaunopa mvumo kune folda (iyo "mubereki"), izvo zvibvumirano zvinowanzoendeswa otomatiki kumaforodha madiki uye mafaera anawo ("vana"). Nenzira iyi, iwe unongoda kutsanangura zvibvumirano kamwe chete pamusoro peiyo hierarchy, uye zvese zviri pazasi pazvo zvinogara nhaka.

Asi iwe unogona zvakare kugovera mvumo dzakajeka kune imwe folda kana faira, kutyora nhaka. Nenzira iyi, iwe unogona, semuenzaniso, kuramba kuwana kune yakatarwa faira kunyangwe iyo yese folda ichionekwa kune boka revashandisi.

Hazvifanirwe kuputsa nhaka pasina chikonzero. Kuichinja kazhinji kunonetsa hutungamiri. Kiyi ndeyekunzwisisa pazvakanakira kuchengetedza nhaka uye kana zviri nani kugadzirisa mvumo kune mamwe mazinga.

Maitiro ekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa NTFS mvumo muWindows?

Kutungamira kwemvumo kunowanzoitwa kubva ku Windows Explorer:

1. Tinya-kurudyi pane faira raunoda kana folda uye sarudza "Properties."
2. Enda kune Chengetedzo tebhu kuti uone vashandisi uye mapoka ane mvumo yakapihwa.
3. Kana iwe uchida kuvashandura, tinya "Edit" uye shandura mvumo sezvinodiwa.
4. Kuwedzera vashandisi kana mapoka, shandisa "Wedzera" uye wobva wasarudza iyo yakakodzera mvumo level.
5. Dzvanya "Shandisa" uye "Zvakanaka" kuchengetedza shanduko.

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Kubva pano iwe unogona zvakare kubata nhaka nekuwana "Advanced Options" uye kusarudza kana iwe uchida chinhu kuti chigare nhaka mvumo kubva kumubereki wayo.

Chii chinoitika kune mvumo kana uchikopa kana kufambisa mafaera nemaforodha?

Chinhu chakakosha zvikuru: Mvumo inogona kuchinja paunokopa kana kutamisa mafaera nemaforodhaKana iwe ukafambisa faira mukati meiyo NTFS vhoriyamu, inochengeta mvumo yayo. Asi kana ukaikopa kune rimwe vhoriyamu, inozotora mvumo yekuenda (yakagara nhaka) folda. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kushamisika uye kusiya mafaera ari pachena kana kuvharwa, saka chenjera paunenge uchironga patsva yako folda chimiro.

NTFS Mvumo vs. Govera Mvumo

MuWindows kune marudzi maviri makuru emvumo kune network yakagovaniswa mafaera: NTFS uye izvo zve mugove. NTFS inodzora kuwanikwa kwenzvimbo uye kure, nepo Kugovana kunongokanganisa kuwana network uye inogona kuiswa kunyangwe kune FAT/FAT32 masisitimu. By default, mvumo inorambidza zvakanyanya inotongaKana NTFS ichibvumira kugadzirisa asi mvumo yekugovera inongobvumira kuverenga, mushandisi anongokwanisa kuverenga kunyangwe akawanikwa kubva kunetiweki.

Mukuita, kana iwe uchida yakanyatso-grained control, zvinogara zvakanaka kushandisa NTFS. Kugovera mvumo kwakakosha uye kwakagadzirirwa zvakanyanya kune akapusa network mushandisi mamiriro.

Maitiro ekutarisa uye kuchinja NTFS uye Kugovera Mvumo

Iwe unoda kuziva kuti ndiani anokwanisa kuwana folda kana kuishandura?

• Pamusoro peNTFS: Kurudyi tinya → Properties → Chengetedzo (ona uye gadzirisa).
• Kugovera: Kurudyi tinya → Zvivakwa → Kugovera → Yepamberi Kugovera → Mvumo (ona uye gadzirisa).

Rangarira kuwedzera vashandisi vakakodzera kana mapoka uye uvape mvumo chaiyo. Teerera kunhaka: unogona kusarudza kuti ndeipi shanduko inoshandiswa.

Mafungiro akakosha uye matambudziko akajairika

• Iyo account account inowanzovharwa nekusarudzika. Rangarira kuigonesa uye kupa password kana uchizoishandisa kubata mvumo.
• Mvumo yekuseta mushandisi inofanirwa kuve nemvumo ye "shanduko yemvumo" kuti ishande nemazvo.
• Kugara nhaka kusingatarisirwe zvakanaka kunogona kutungamira kune kusingatenderwe kuwana kana kuvharirwa. Nyatsofunga kuti unofanira kuzvichengeta here kana kuti kusiya zvese zviri pachena.
• Kana iwe uchifanira kudzorera iyo mvumo yepakutanga yefaira reNTFS kana vhoriyamu, mune zviri pamutemo Microsoft zvinyorwa iwe unowana maitiro uye zvinyorwa zvekudaro.

Mvumo ye NTFS muSevha Nzvimbo uye Mienzaniso Inoshanda

Pamaseva eWindows, kunyanya kune webhu saiti kana kugovera faira, zvakajairika kuti upe mvumo chaiyo. Mimwe mienzaniso yakajairika inosanganisira:

• Iyo yakagovaniswa midzi folda inowanzo tenderwa kune vatariri uye masevhisi ehurongwa.
• Imwe neimwe saiti kana mushandisi ane folda yaakapihwa kwavanogona kungoverenga zvirimo, asi kwete kuigadzirisa kunze kwekunge vari ivo muridzi.
• Mafolda ezvinyorwa anofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kunze kwekusvikirwa neruzhinji uye anongowanikwa chete nehurongwa kana maneja.

Naizvozvo, kuronga kwakaringana kwechimiro uye kupihwa kwemvumo kwakakosha kune chengetedzo nekushanda kwakanaka kwepuratifomu.

Advanced Management: Dzima nhaka pane masisitimu madhairekitori uye registry mvumo

Mumamiriro ekuchengetedza epamusoro, unogona kudzima nhaka pane yakakosha system maforodha (semuenzaniso, System32) kudzivirira netsaona mvumo kubva pakupararira. Pamusoro pezvo, mvumo inogona kupihwa pane zvakakosha zvikamu zve Windows 'kunyoresa, kurambidza kushandurwa kana kuverenga kune vatariri uye sisitimu chete.

Matanho aya akatetepa, uye chero zvikanganiso zvinogona kuita kuti sisitimu isasvike, saka ndapota ongorora zvinyorwa uye ita makopi ekuchengetedza usati wabata chero madhairekitori ehurongwa kana makiyi.

NTFS disk quotas uye BitLocker kuchengetedzwa

NTFS zvakare inobvumidza iwe kutsanangura nzvimbo quotas kudzora huwandu hwe data mushandisi wega wega kana boka rinogona kuchengeta. Kana mushandisi akadarika chiyero chakatsanangurwa, sisitimu inogona kuburitsa yambiro kana kudzivirira kunyora zvachose. Kudzora uku kunobatsira zvakanyanya mu-multi-user kana kugoverwa kuchengetedza nharaunda.

Kuwedzera kudzivirira ne Bitlocker Iyo inokutendera kuti uvhare mavhoriyamu ese, kudzivirira kupinda kusingatenderwe kunyangwe dhisiki yakabviswa mumuviri. Kuibatisa kuri nyore kubva kune dhisiki zvivakwa, uye kushandiswa kwayo kunenge kuri pachena kune mushandisi.

Kugumira uye kufunga kwekupedzisira

ari Mvumo yeNTFS inoshanda chete pamadhisiki uye zvikamu zvakarongwa neNTFSKana uri kushanda neFAT32, haugone kuseta aya epamberi ekutonga. Kutama kubva kuFAT32 kuenda kuNTFS, unogona kushandisa zvishandiso se "shandura" kubva kumutsara wekuraira kana graphical partition mamaneja.

Ramba uchifunga kuti kubata mvumo yeNTFS, kunyangwe isiri yakanyanya kuoma, inoda kutarisisa kudzivirira kupinda kusingadiwe kana kukiya. Kugara uchiongorora, zvinyorwa, uye maitiro akanaka ekutonga ndiwo akanakisa kuchengetedza.

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Zvakakosha kunzwisisa uye kubata nenzira kwayo NTFS mvumo kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kubudirira mukutonga kwefaira. Iyo yakanyatso gadziridzwa sisitimu haingodziviriri data chete, asi zvakare inofambisa manejimendi uye inodzivirira netsaona zvikanganiso zvinogona kukanganisa kutendeseka kwehurongwa. Goverana ruzivo kuitira kuti vamwe vashandisi vazive nezvemusoro wenyaya.